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Central African Republic

History
Main article: History of the Central African Republic
Prehistory
Between about 1000 before AD and 1000 AD, Adamawa-Eastern peoples speaking spread eastward from Cameroon to Sudan and settled in most of the territory of the Central African Republic. During the same period, a much smaller number of Bantu-speaking immigrants settled in southwestern CAR and some Central Sudan speaking populations settled in Ubangi.
Most people in the CAR as speakers of Adamawa-Eastern languages or Bantu languages belonging to the Niger-Congo family. A central unit of the minority language family of Sudanese Nilo-Saharan Africa. Recent immigrants include many Muslim merchants who speak Arabic or Hausa.
Exposure to the outside world
Until the early 1800s, the people of the CAR lived beyond the expanding Islamic frontier in the western region Sudan, Africa, and therefore relatively little contact with Abrahamic religions or northern economies. During the first decades of the nineteenth century, however, Muslim traders began to penetrate more and more the region of the CAR and to cultivate special relations with local leaders to facilitate their trade and settlement in the region.
The first Muslim traders arrived in the 1800s was relatively peaceful and count on the support of local populations, but after the slave traders in 1850, with heavily armed soldiers have begun to penetrate in the region. Between C. 1860 and 1910, slave traders from Sudan, Chad, Cameroon, Dar al-Kuti in Northern CAR and Nzakara Zande States and exports Car southeastern good of the people of eastern Central African Republic, a region with few inhabitants today.
French colonialism
Main article: Ubangi-Shari
Ubangi-Shari in 1910
Central Banks penetration African territory began in the nineteenth century when calling Scramble for Africa (C 18751900). Savorgnan Conde de Brazza took the lead in establishing the French Congo with headquarters in the city that bears his name, Brazzaville, and sent expeditions along the Ubangi River, in an effort to broaden the claims of France on the territory of Central Africa. The King Leopold II of Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom also competed to establish their claims on the territory of Central African States region.
In 1889, the French established a post on the Ubangi River at Bangui, the future capital of Ubangi-Chari and the car. De Brazza, then sent 189,091 shipments in the Sangha River in what is now south-western CAR, central basin of the Ubangi and Lake Chad, and eastward along the Oubangui River to the Nile procolonial De Brazza and French who want to expand the frontiers of the French Congo to establish links with French territories in West Africa, North Africa and East Africa.
In 1894 the French border with the Congo Free State Leopold Congo II and German Cameroon were fixed by diplomatic agreements. Then in 1899, on the border with Sudan in the French Congo was fixed along the Congo-Nile watershed, leaving France without her much coveted outlet on the Nile and turning south-east of the Ubangi-Shari in a deadlock.
Once European negotiators agreed boundary French Congo, France had to decide how to pay for the costly occupation, administration and land development. The financial success of the dealers of Leopold II in the Congo Free State convinced the French government in 1899 to grant 17 private companies large concessions in the region of Ubangi-Shari. In exchange for the right to exploit these lands by buying local products and selling European goods, companies have promised to pay rent to the colonial state and promote development their concessions. Companies are European and African officials, often using extremely brutal and atrocious methods to force Africa Central to work for them. At the same time, the French colonial administration began to force the Central African Republic to pay taxes and provide free progress. The companies and French administration often collaborated in their efforts to force Central Africans to work for your benefit, but also often in conflict.
Some French officials have denounced the abuses committed by private militias and even by his colleagues and the colonial troops, but efforts to bring these criminals to justice almost always failed. When news of atrocities committed against Central African employees of the concessionaire and the colonial powers or troops arrived in France and caused an uproar, there were investigations and some timid attempts at reform, but the situation on the ground in Ubangi-Shari remained essentially the same thing.
Seal, 1924
Meanwhile during the first decade of French colonial rule (c. 19001910), the leaders of African states in the region Ubangi-Shari increased their activities slave raids and sale of local products to European companies and the colonial state. They took advantage of their treaties with France to acquire more weapons that were used to capture slaves and much of the eastern half of Ubangi-Shari was depopulated following export Central African Republic by local leaders during the first decade of colonial rule. Those who had the power, Africans and Europeans, often life miserable for those who have no power to resist.
During the second decade of the era Colonial (c. 19101920), armed employees of private companies and the colonial state continued to use brutal methods to deal with local populations who resisted forced labor, but the power of local leaders in Africa has been destroyed and so slave raiding been greatly reduced. In 1911, the Sangha and Lobaye basins were ceded to Germany under an agreement which gave France a hand in Morocco and Western Ubangi-Shari came under German control until the First World War, during which France reconquered this territory using Central African troops.
The third decade of colonial cultures (19201930) was a period of transition during which they built a road network, have been promoted to treasury services of mobile clinics have been trained to fight against sleeping sickness, and Protestant missions established stations across the country. New forms of work Forced also introduced, however, that the large number of French Ubangians recruited to work in the railway Congo-Ocean and many of these recruits died of exhaustion and illness.
In 1925, French writer Andre Gide published Voyage au Congo in which he described the alarming consequences of conscription for the Congo-Ocean railway and exposed the continuing atrocities committed against Central Africans in Western Ubangi-Shari by employees of the Forestry Agency of the Sangha-Oubangui example. In 1928, a large insurrection, the Kongo-Wara War "of the hoe handle 'broke out in Western Ubangi-Shari and continued for several years. Scope This insurrection, perhaps the largest anticolonial rebellion in Africa during the two wars, has been carefully concealed from the French public, they are proof, once again, a strong opposition to French colonial rule and forced labor.
During the fourth decade of colonial rule (V. 19301940), cotton, tea, coffee and emerged as major cash crops in Ubangi-Shari and the mining of diamonds and gold began in earnest. Several cotton companies were granted monopolies to buy in vast areas of cotton production and thus able to fix prices paid to producers to ensure profits for their shareholders. The Europeans established coffee plantations and the Central African Republic also started to cultivate coffee.
The fifth decade of colonial rule (c. 19401950) is formed by the Second World War and reforms policies that followed in its wake. In September 1940 pro-Gaullist French officers took control of Ubangi-Shari.
Independence
On December 1, 1958, the colony of Ubangi-Shari became an autonomous territory within the French Community and took the name of the Central African Republic. Founder and Chairman of the Governing Council, Barthlmy Boganda, died in a mysterious plane crash in 1959, just eight days before the last election the colonial era. On August 13, 1960, the Central African Republic gained its independence and two assists nearest Boganda Abel Goomba and David Dacko, became involved in a power struggle. Supported by the French, Dacko took power and was soon arrested Goomba. In 1962, President Dacko had established a one-party state.
On December 31, 1965 Dacko was overthrown by the coup d'tat Eve by Colonel Jean-bdel Bokassa, who suspended the constitution and dissolved the National Assembly. President Bokassa declared himself president for life in 1972, and proclaimed himself Emperor Bokassa I of the empire Central Africa, December 4, 1976. A year later, Emperor Bokassa was crowned at a ceremony sumptuous and costly which was ridiculed by much of the world. In 1979, France carried out a coup against Bokassa and "restored" Dacko to power. Dacko, in turn, was overthrown in a coup by General Andre Kolingba on September 1, 1981.
Kolingba suspended the constitution and ruled by a military junta until 1985. It introduces a new constitution in 1986 which was approved by a national referendum. Membership in his new party, Coalition Central African democracies (DRC) has been voluntary. In 1987, semi-competitive elections to Parliament and municipal elections were held in 1988. Kolingba the two main political opponents, Abel Goumba and Ange-Flix Patasse, boycotted these elections because their parties not authorized to compete.
In 1990, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, a movement for democracy has become very active. In May 1990, a letter signed by 253 prominent citizens requested the convening of a National Conference, but Kolingba refused this request and many opponents. The pressure of the United States more reluctant, France, and a group of countries with local representation and bodies called GIBAFOR (USA, France, Germany, Japan, EU, World Bank, UN) led Kolingba finally agreed in principle to hold free elections in October 1992 with the help of the UN Office for Electoral Affairs. After have used the excuse of alleged irregularities to suspend the election results as an excuse to stay in power, the President made subject to intense pressure Kolingba GIBAFOR establish a "National Council of the Republic Provisional Policy (National Policy provisional Council) (CNPPR) and the creation of a "declaration of the Electoral Commission" which included representatives of all political parties.
When elections were finally held in 1993, always with the help of the international community, Ange-Flix Patasse finished first in the first round and Kolingba was fourth after Abel Goumba and David Dacko. In the second round, Patasse won 53 percent of the vote, while 45.6 percent earned Goomba. Most of the aid reached prefectures Patassé Gbaya, Kare and Kaba voters in seven villages in north-west, while the support came largely Goomba ten the least populated prefectures in the south and east. In addition, the party Patasse, the Mouvement pour la libration Central African People (MLPC) or Movement the release of the Central African People gained a simple, but not the absolute majority of seats in parliament, which Patasse necessary coalition partners wanted say.
The former president Kolingba Patassé relieved of his military rank of general in March 1994 and charged several former ministers with various crimes. Patasse also eliminated many Yakoma important lucrative positions in government. Two hundred Yakoma most members of the presidential guard were also dismissed or reassigned to the army. Kolingba RDC loudly proclaimed that the government Patasse led a witch hunt "Against the Yakoma.
A new constitution was adopted 28 December 1994 and promulgated 14 January 1995, but this constitution, like previous has little impact in practice the policy. In 19961997, reflecting a steady decline in public confidence in his erratic behavior, three riots Anti-government have been accompanied Patassé destruction of property and increased ethnic tensions. On January 25, 1997, the Peace Accords were signed Bangui, which involves the deployment of a military mission-African Mission to monitor inter Bangui Agreements (MISAB). former President of Mali, Amadou Tourism is the main mediator and the mediation of the entrance to the former rebels to the government April 7, 1997. MISAB The mission was later replaced by a force of peacekeeping United Nations Mission of Nations Series RCA (MINURCA).
In the 1998 parliamentary elections resulted in the DRC Kolingba "Win 20 of the 109 seats, which is a return, but in 1999, despite the popular anger in urban centers with his government of corruption, Patasse won free elections to become president for a second term. On 28 May 2001 rebels stormed the strategic buildings in Bangui in an attempt coup d'état. The chief of staff, Abel Abrou, and General Francois N'Djadder Bedaya were shot, but recovered Patasse top placing at least 300 soldiers of the rebel leader Jean-Pierre Bemba of the other side of the river in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Libyan soldiers.
Following the failed coup, militias loyal to Patasse sought revenge against the rebels in many neighborhoods of the capital, Bangui, which was the destruction of many houses, as well as torture and murder of many opponents. Patasse eventually to believe that General Bozize had been involved in another attempted coup against him and fled with Bozize and troops loyal to Chad. In March 2003, Bozize has launched an attack surprise against Patasse, who was out of the country. Libyan troops and some 1,000 soldiers of Bemba's Congolese rebel organization failed to stop rebels who took control of the country and succeeded in ousting Patasse.
Francois Bozize has suspended the constitution and appointed a new cabinet included most opposition parties. Abel Goumba, "Don Clean", has been named vice president, Francois Bozize has given the new government a positive image. Bozize has developed a large National Transition Council to draft a new constitution and announced he will step down and stand for elections as soon as the new Constitution was approved. A national dialogue was held from September 15 to October 27, 2003, Bozize won a fair election excluded Patasse being elected president in a second vote in May 2005.
The humanitarian situation, consolidating peace and development
The CAR is heavily dependent upon multilateral foreign aid and the presence of many NGOs that provide services the government does not provide. As a representative of UNDP said, the Central African Republic is a country "under the serum, or metaphorically a country connected to an IV. (Mehler 2005:150). The mere presence of many organizations and foreign personnel in the country, including peacekeepers and even refugee camps, is an important source of revenue for many Central Africans.
The country is self sufficient in food crops, but much of the population live a subsistence level. development Livestock is hampered by the presence of the tsetse fly.
In the year 2006 due to ongoing violence, more than 50,000 in the north-west were risk of hunger, which was avoided only thanks to the support of the United Nations. [Edit]
Building Commission places of the Central African Republic on the agenda of the June 12, 2008, the Central African Republic became the fourth country to put on the agenda the day of the Commission on Peacebuilding, was created in 2005 to help countries emerging from conflict relapse into war or chaos. The body of 31 Members decided to review the situation after a request from the government.
Peacebuilding Fund The Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said on 8 January 2008, the Central African Republic was eligible for assistance from the Fund for consolidation. Three priority areas identified were: 1) Sector Reform 2 security) Promoting good governance and the rule law and 3) the revitalization of communities affected by conflict.
Policy
Main article: Politics of the Central African Republic
Bozize is the country's president. A new constitution was approved by voters in a referendum held on December 5, 2004. Full multiparty presidential and parliamentary elections took place in March 2005, with a second round in May Bozize has been declared the winner after a second round.
In February 2006, there were reports of violence widespread in the northern Central African Republic. Thousands of refugees have fled their homes, caught in the crossfire of fighting between government troops and rebel forces. More than 7,000 people have fled to neighboring Chad. Those who remained in the CAR government said troops systematically killing men and boys suspected of cooperating with rebels.
The prefectures and sub-prefectures
Prefectures of the Central African Republic
Main article: Prefectures of the Central African Republic and sub-prefectures of the Central Republic
The Central African Republic is divided into 14 prefectures administrative (Prefecture), with 2 economic prefectures (Prefecture Economics) and an autonomous commune. The prefectures are divided into 71 sub-prefectures (Sub-Prefecture).
The prefectures are:
Bamingui-Bangoran
Basse-Kotto
Haute-Kotto
High Mbomou
KMO
Lobaye
Mamre-Kad
Mbomou
Nana-Mamre
Ombella-M'Poko
Ouaka
Ouham
Ouham-Pend
Vakaga
the two economic prefectures and Nana-Sangha Grbizi mbar, the commune is Bangui.
Geography
Main article: Geography of the Central African Republic
Satellite image of Central African Republic, from raster graphics data supplied by the Library Card
Map of the Central African Republic
Ubangi River in the suburbs of Bangui.
The Republic is a landlocked country in Africa. It borders the countries of Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic and the Republic of Congo.
Much of the country consists of savanna plateau flat or slightly wavy, usually about 1640 feet (500 m) altitude, over the northern half is in the World Wildlife Fund Ecoregion savannah East. In Fertit northern hills, and there are scattered in the hills south-west of the country. Northwest Yade Massif, a granite plateau with an elevation of 3,750 feet (1,143 m).
At 240.519 square miles (622,941 km2) Central African Republic is a country the 42nd largest in the world. It is comparable in size to that of Ukraine, and it is something smaller than the state of Texas.
Much of the southern border is formed by tributaries of the Congo River, with the river Mbomou in the fusion of East River to Uele form the Ubangi River. In the west, the river flows through the Sangha of the country. The eastern border lies along the edge of the Nile River Basin
Estimates of the amount of country covered by forest ranges from 8%, with the most dense in the south. The forest is diverse and includes species Ayous commercial importance, Sapelli and Sipo. The deforestation rate is 0.4% per year, and timber poaching is common.
CAR climate is tropical. The northern areas are subject to harmattan winds, which are hot and dry, and dusting. The northern regions have been affected by desertification, and the North is desert. The rest of the country is prone to flooding of nearby rivers.
In November 2008, National Geographic, has been named the Republic Central African countries least affected by light pollution.
Economy
Main article: Economy of the Central African Republic
A child Playing with a kerosene lamp burning in the town of Birao, Central African Republic. The city was almost entirely destroyed by fire in March 2007 during fighting between rebels and government troops.
The economy of the Central African Republic is dominated by the cultivation and sale of food crops such as cassava, peanuts, maize, sorghum, millet, sesame, bananas and an article [Sara needed]. The annual rate of growth of real GDP in Just over 3%. The importance of food crops exported cash crops is indicated by the fact that the total production of cassava, the staple food of the Most Central Africans, ranges between 200,000 and 300,000 tonnes per year, while cotton production, the main export crop species between 25000-45000 tons per year. The crops are not exported in large quantities, but the major commercial crops remain in the country because Central Africans much more regular income Sales of food crops to cash crops like cotton exported surplus or coffee.
The partner of the CAR's largest import from Korea South (20.2%), followed by France (13.6%) and Cameroon (7.7%), while export partners are Japan (40.4%), followed by Belgium (9.8%) and China (8.2%).
Many rural and urban women also contribute to transforming food crops such as alcoholic beverages sorghum beer or spirits and draw significant revenue from the sale of such beverages. A large portion of the proceeds from the sale of food and alcohol is not "books" and therefore not taken into account in the calculation of income per capita, which is one reason why official figures income per capita are not accurate in the case of the Central African Republic.
The income per capita of the car is often listed as being about $ 300 per year, says it is one of the lowest in the world, but it relies primarily on sales of exports and largely ignores the most sold Although food production unregistered local alcohol, diamonds, ivory, bushmeat, and traditional medicine, for example. Economy Informal car is more important than the formal economy for most Central Africans.
The diamonds are the product of the largest export Central African Republic, which represent 4.055% of export earnings, but it is estimated that 3050% of diamonds produced each year leave the country clandestinely. Export trade is hindered by poor economic development, and the location of this country, far from the coast.
The desert regions of this country have potential as an ecotourism destination. The country is characterized by its population of forest elephants. In Southwest, Dzanga-Sangha National Park is an area of rainforest. In the north-Manovo Gounda St Floris National Park has been busy with wildlife, including leopards, lions and rhinos. Northeast National Park Bamingui-Bangoran. However, the population of wild fauna in the parks has declined sharply over the past 20 years due to poaching, particularly from neighboring Sudan.
The CAR is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA).
The CAR is ranked 180 out of 181 in "ease of doing business in the Doing Business Report 2009 World Bank Group. The 'ease of business ranking uses a composite index to improve standards in business and those that limit it.
Demography
Main article: Demographics of the Republic Central
A village in the Central African Republic
The population has almost quadrupled since independence. In 1960, the population was 1.232 million. Now the population is 4,422,000. (2009 UN estimate) Note: The estimates for this country take into account the wider effects of AIDS mortality, This can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex, which otherwise might be expected.
The UN estimates that some 11% population over 15 49 is HIV positive. Only 3% of the country has the antiretroviral therapy, compared with 17% coverage in the neighboring countries of Chad and the Republic of Congo.
The nation is divided into more than 80 ethnic groups, each with its own language. The main ethnic groups are the Baya 33%, Banda 27%, Mandjia 13%, Sara 10% 7% Mboum, M'Baka 4% and 4% Yakoma, other 2%, including Europeans mostly of French origin.
Health
Main article: Health Central African Republic
Life expectancy at birth was 48.2 and life expectancy of men in birth was 45.1 in 2007. The fertility rate is about five births per woman. Public expenditure on health was U.S. $ 20 (PPP) per person 2006. There were eight doctors per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004. Public expenditure on health was 10.9% of total public expenditure in 2006.
Religion
Main article: Religion in Central African Republic
Religion in the Central Republic
religion
percent
Christian

50%
Indian

35%
Islam

15%
Christians form 50 percent of the population, while 35 percent of the population of indigenous beliefs and Islam is practiced by about 15 percent of the population.
There are many missionary groups operating in the country, including Lutherans, Baptists, Catholics, Grace Brethren, and Jehovah Witnesses. Although these missionaries are mostly U.S., France, Italy and Spain, many also from Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo and other African countries. Many missionaries have left the country because of fighting between rebels and government forces in 2002 and 2003. Many are returned to country and resumed their activities.
Culture
Music
Article: Music of the Central African Republic
Education
Article Home: Education in Central African Republic
Public education in the Republic Central is free and compulsory education of 6-14. Approximately half of the adult population is illiterate. The country has the University of Bangui.
See also
List of authors Central African Republic
See also
Africa portal
Main article: System of Central African Republic
Central List topics Republic
Transportation Central African Republic
References
^ Department of Population Division of Economic and Social Affairs (2009) (. PDF). World Population Prospects, Table A.1. 2008 revision. United Nations. http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf. Retrieved on 12/03/2009.
ABCD ^ "Central African Republic." International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=626&s=NGDPD, NGDPDPC, PPPGDP, PPPPC, LP & GRP = 0 & & a = 53 = = 9 & pr.y pr.x. Retrieved on 10/01/2009.
^ Which side of the road leading it? Brian Lucas. August 2005. Accessed 28/01/2009
^ List of countries by Human Development Index
24/04/2001 Foreign SA ^ "The Republic of Central Finland overcome the problems of the environment?
^ "Thousands could die of hunger," said the spokesman for the UN Maurizio Giuliano. http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=58581.
http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/pbc39.doc.htm ^
^ Http: / / www.unpbf.org / CAR.shtml
^ Reuters AlertNet CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: The survey results will be announced May 22, an official said
^ BBC NEWS World | Africa | Country profiles | Timeline: Central African Republic
^ BBC Thousands in Africa | escape from new cars "rebels"
^ Thousands BBC Africa | CAR fleeing violence
^ Embedded (English) in March 2001, Forests Monitor
^ The forests of the Congo Basin: State of the Forest, 2006. CARP 13-Jul-07
^ Https: / / www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eas & ch #
^ Https: / / www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html?countryName=China&countryCode=ch&regionCode=eas & ch #
^ OHADA.com: Gateway to Business Law in Africa, http://www.ohada.com/index.php, accessed on 22/03/2009
^ Http: / / www.doingbusiness.org / Documents / CountryProfiles / CAF.pdf
Country ^
^ Http: / / data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2006/2006_GR_ANN3_en.pdf
Abcd ^ http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_CAF.html
^ Http: / / www.afro.who.int / home / country / fact_sheets / car.pdf
^ The World Factbook
^ U.S. Department of State
^ 'Republic Central. "Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (2001). Bureau of International Labor Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor (2002). ^ Http: / / www.unicef.org / Infobycountry / car_statistics.html
Further reading
Kalck, Peter, Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic, 2004
Petringa, Mary, Brazza A life for Africa (2006) ISBN 978-1-4259-1198-0
Titley, Brian, Dark Ages: The Odyssey of Political Emperor Bokassa, 2002
References
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Politics and Government
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History
Precolonial history Ubangi-Shari (part of French Equatorial Africa) of Central African Empire Patasse Bozize suddenly
Geography and Environment
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See also: List of key themes related to the Republic
EV
Former French colonies in Africa and the Indian Ocean
Maghreb
Algeria Morocco (Arguin Island) Tunisia
West Africa french
Cte d'Ivoire Dahomey French Niger Sudan Mauritania Guinea Senegal Upper Volta

French Togo Albreda James Island
French Equatorial Africa
Chad Gabon Middle Congo Oubangui-Chari
Comoros
Anjouan Grande Comore Mohl

French Somaliland (Djibouti) Madagascar Ile de France Seychelles

Location
EV
Countries and territories of Africa
West Africa
Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Liberia Cte d'Ivoire Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo
North Africa
Algeria Egypt Libya Mauritania Morocco Sudan Tunisia
Central Africa
Angola Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Democratic Republic of Congo Republic of Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon Rwanda for Tom and Prince
East Africa
Burundi Comoros Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Seychelles Somalia Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
South Africa
Botswana Lesotho Namibia South Africa Swaziland
States with
recognition Limited
Somaliland Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Mainly in Africa
France (Runion) Italy (Pantelleria) Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla / Places of Sovereign) Yemen (Socotra)
Dependencies
Scattered Islands (France) Mayotte (France) St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
Disputed Areas
Western Sahara

International Affiliation
EV
African Union (AU)
Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of Congo Republic of the Congo Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea Equatorial Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic for Tom and Prince Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
EV
Community of Sahel-Saharan States
Benin Burkina Faso Central African Republic Chad Comoros Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Liberia Egypt Eritrea Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Libya Mali Morocco Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Togo Tunisia
EV
States members and observers of La Francophonie
Members
Andorra Albania Armenia Belgium (French Community) Benin Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada (Quebec New Brunswick) Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Cyprus1 Democratic Republic of Congo Republic of Congo EAC d'Ivoire Djibouti Dominica Egypt Equatorial Guinea France (French Guyana Martinique Guadalupe St. Pierre and Miquelon) Gabon Ghana1 Greece Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Laos Lebanon Luxembourg Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius Moldova Monaco Morocco Niger Romania Rwanda Macedonia2 Saint Lucia Senegal Seychelles Switzerland So Tom and Prince Togo Tunisia Vanuatu Vietnam
Observers
Lithuania Georgia Latvia Croatia Hungary Austria Czech Republic Poland Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Mozambique Thailand Ukraine
An associate member. 2 provisionally referred to the Francophonie of the Republic, "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, see name dispute Macedonia.
EV
Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
Members
Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Burkina Faso Brunei Cameroon Chad Comoros Cte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Mozambique Niger Nigeria Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Turkey Tunisia Uzbekistan Togo Turkmenistan Uganda United Arab Emirates Yemen
Observers
Countries and territories
Thailand Cyprus central Bosnia and Herzegovina Russian North (as Turkish Cypriot State)
Muslim Communities
Moro National Liberation
International organizations
The Economic Cooperation Organization African Union Arab League Non-Aligned Movement, United Nations

Languages
EV
Niger-Congo-nation speech

Kordofanian
Sudan

Send

Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mauritania
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Liberia
Côte d'Ivoire
Nigeria
Burkina Faso
Benin
Togo

Atlantic-Congo

Atlantic
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
CAR
Ijoid
Nigeria
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gambia
Guinea
Dogon
Mali
Guinea-Bissau
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Sudan
Togo

Volta-Congo

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Car = Democratic Republic of Congo Central African Republic DRC =
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